Abnormal Abdominal X-Rays

Abnormal abdominal gas patterns

	Sentinel loop Dilated loop(s) of small (or large) bowel -Acute pancreatitis -Acute cholecystitis -Acute appendicitis -Acute pyelonephritis -Acute diverticulitis
	Pneumoperitoneum on AXR: Rigler’s sign -gas outlining serosal surface of bowel Triangular gas collections Loss of liver opacity Gas outlining falciform ligament Gas outlining umbilical ligaments
	Biliary gas: -Branching low density pattern -Centripetal gas -Calcified gall stone -Gall stone ileus Differential diognosis -Cholecysto-enteric fistula -Post sphincterotomy -Post biliary drainage -Gas forming infection
	Retroperitoneal gas: Retroperitoneal perforation -D2 (OGD or ERCP) -Colonic perforation Necrotising acute pancreatitis
	Gas in the urinary tract: -Bladder (colovesical fistula) -Diverticular disease -Colon cancer -Inflammatory bowel disease -Ureteric gas -Fistula -Gas forming infection
	Bowel wall gas: -Simple -Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Serious -Bowel necrosis -Diabetic -Necrotising enterocolitis (neonates)

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Abnormal calcification

	Gall stones: -Gall bladder
	Gall stones: -Biliary tract
	Gall stones: -Small bowel!
	Calcified gall bladder wall: Porcelain gall bladder -More common in females (5:1) -10-20% develop gall bladder cancer
	Renal tract calcification: Renal area
	Renal tract calcification: Staghorn calculi
	Renal tract calcification: Ureteric calculi
	Renal tract calcification: Calcified TCC of left renal pelvis
	Pancreatic calcification: Chronic pancreatitis
	Vascular calcification: Aortic aneurysm

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Abdominal wall mass

	Abdominal wall mass: Soft tissue lines

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Other stuff

	Other: IUCD
	Other: Tubal ligation clips
	Other: !?!

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Acknowledgement: revise4finals would like to thank Dr Niall Moore (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford) for providing images and explanations used in this section.